J
Japan Ox:
A grown steer, weighing in excess of 500kg lwt or weighing 320 - 400kg cwt. Such animals are predominantly destined for the Japanese market
Jaundice:
A condition which can result from damage to their liver characterised by yellowish skin and whites of the eyes
Jerk:
A gather of, or a trip through, a small piece of country. Term often used in rough country where cattle are hard to gather
Johne's Disease (JD):
Also, known as MAP (the infectious organism) is a chronic infectious bacterial enteritis that results in persistent diarrhoea, progressive wasting and eventual death. It has an incubation period of 2-6 years. Animals are usually infected when young.
The calf may be infected while in the womb, by drinking infected colostrum and milk or consuming food and water contaminated by Johne's infected faeces. The organism may last for a year in the slurry or on pastures.
In the individual animal diagnosis by laboratory means is unreliable until the disease symptoms are well established and hence a whole herd testing procedure is adopted
Joining:
(see Service)
Joint Ill:
A disease of young calves, usually less than one week, caused by infection in the umbilical chord
Joint Venture:
Any business arrangement whereby two or more parties contribute resources to and engage in a specific business undertaking
Judging:
Judgments on cattle are ultimately based on which cow is worth the most profit. When judging cattle, the judge wants to act as if he or she were buying the cow and wanted to find the most valuable cow
Jugular Vein:
The principle vein draining the brain which is severed when the animal is exsanguinated
Jujunum:
The second part of the small intestine. The jejunum extends from the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) to the ileum (the final part of the small intestine)
Juvenile:
Young
Japan Ox:
A grown steer, weighing in excess of 500kg lwt or weighing 320 - 400kg cwt. Such animals are predominantly destined for the Japanese market
Jaundice:
A condition which can result from damage to their liver characterised by yellowish skin and whites of the eyes
Jerk:
A gather of, or a trip through, a small piece of country. Term often used in rough country where cattle are hard to gather
Johne's Disease (JD):
Also, known as MAP (the infectious organism) is a chronic infectious bacterial enteritis that results in persistent diarrhoea, progressive wasting and eventual death. It has an incubation period of 2-6 years. Animals are usually infected when young.
The calf may be infected while in the womb, by drinking infected colostrum and milk or consuming food and water contaminated by Johne's infected faeces. The organism may last for a year in the slurry or on pastures.
In the individual animal diagnosis by laboratory means is unreliable until the disease symptoms are well established and hence a whole herd testing procedure is adopted
Joining:
(see Service)
Joint Ill:
A disease of young calves, usually less than one week, caused by infection in the umbilical chord
Joint Venture:
Any business arrangement whereby two or more parties contribute resources to and engage in a specific business undertaking
Judging:
Judgments on cattle are ultimately based on which cow is worth the most profit. When judging cattle, the judge wants to act as if he or she were buying the cow and wanted to find the most valuable cow
Jugular Vein:
The principle vein draining the brain which is severed when the animal is exsanguinated
Jujunum:
The second part of the small intestine. The jejunum extends from the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) to the ileum (the final part of the small intestine)
Juvenile:
Young
K
Kaelin:
Hydrated silicate found in clay, often used with pectin as a treatment for diarrhoea
Kamar:
A device used to aid in heat detection. It is placed onto the back of the animal a hand-span in front of the tail-head
Karyotype:
The chromosomal constitution of an individual
KCN:
Kappa Casein
Kennels:
(see Cubicles)
Keratitis:
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea (the clear part of the eye). The cornea becomes cloudy, resulting in loss of transparency. All types of keratitis must be treated by a veterinarian
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca:
Also, known as dry eye, is a condition that results from the inadequate production of tears
Keratoma:
A hard raised growth on the eye
Ketoacidosis:
A life-threatening condition associated with uncontrolled diabetes
Ketones:
Acidic organic compounds, such as acetone
Ketonuria:
The presence of ketone bodies in the urine, as with ketosis in high-producing cows
Ketosis:
A metabolic condition also called pregnancy toxaemia at the end of gestation and lactational ketosis during early lactation. The central metabolic events are fat mobilisation and the availability of glucose. The disease in late gestation does is classified by multiple feti, obese or extremely thin does due to an inability to respond to the increased metabolic demand for energy in the dam. The doe is unable to obtain sufficient amounts of energy, and ketones accumulate in the blood from the incomplete metabolism of body fat
Key Equation:
The equation relating the rate of genetic change resulting from selection to four factors: Accuracy of selection, selection intensity, genetic variation and generation length
Key Performance Indicators (KPI):
Quantifiable measurements that reflect the success factors of an organisation
Kidney Knob:
The kidney and surrounding fat - it is located in the dorsal side of the lumbar cavity. The kidney knob is ventral to the lumbar vertebrae
Kidney Stones:
Small mass or lesion found in the kidney or urinary tract. Can block the flow of urine
Kidney, Pelvic and Heart (KPH):
The internal carcass fat associated with the kidney, pelvic cavity, and heart. It is expressed as a percentage of chilled carcass weight. The weight of the kidneys is included in the estimate of kidney fat
Killed Vaccine:
A vaccine that uses a "dead" bacteria or virus to elicit an immune response
Killing Floor:
Area of an abattoir where live animals are slaughtered
Killing Out Percentage:
The proportion of a slaughtered animal that can be sold as meat, calculated as carcass weight divided by liveweight
Kip:
(1) An unborn calf that is delivered on the kill floor;
(2) a bundle of unprocessed calf hides;
(3) an unprocessed calf hide
Klebsiella:
Bacteria commonly found on tree bark
Kosher Meat:
Meat from ruminant animals with split hooves where the animals have been slaughtered according to Jewish law
KPH:
(see Kidney, Pelvic and Heart)
Kwashiorkor:
A body condition caused by a lack of dietary protein or lack of digestible protein. It causes the body to break down muscle protein to amino acids so they can be used to build the essential parts of the body. It produces weak animals